Lighthouse Unlimited

 

This terminology work focuses on desalination - a branch of chemical engineering. Given the ongoing discussions about the scarcity of fresh water resources, desalination is a rather hot topic. Its terminology covers a number of subject fields ranging from basic chemistry, membrane technology and thermal separation processes to environmental engineering. The goal of this work was to create a computer-enhanced terminology database allowing users to quickly explore this topic and its basic terms and concepts. It is geared primarily to translators and interpreters, but it can also be useful to other professionals wishing to familiarize themselves quickly with the English and German terminology of this field.

280 pp., 18 fig.

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 8
2 Principles of Translation-Oriented Terminology 10
2.1 The Importance of Terminology Work 10
2.2 Translation-oriented Documentation 11
2.2.1 Documentation of data 11
2.2.2 Documentation of facts 12
2.2.3 Documentation of bibliographies 12
3 Electronic Tools of Modern Translators and Interpreters 13
3.1 The Internet 13
3.2 Electronic Mail and Mailing Lists 14
3.3 Electronic and Online Dictionaries and Encyclopaedia 15
3.4 Electronic Text Analysis Programs 16
3.5 Translation Memories (TM) 16
3.6 Terminology Management Systems and Databases  17
3.6.1 MS Word 17
3.6.2 MultiTerm for Windows 17
3.6.3 MS Access 18
3.7 Terminology Management for Interpreters 18
3.7.1 LookUp for Interpreters 18
3.7.2 Mind Maps 19
4 Desalination as a Topic of a Terminology Work 22
4.1 The Subject Field 22
4.2 The Terminology 23
5 Introduction to Desalination 26
5.1 Water Scarcity 26
5.1.1 Freshwater Availability 26
5.1.2 Water-short Countries 27
5.1.3 Desalination as a Water Resource 28
5.2 The History of Desalination 29
5.2.1 The Idea 29
5.2.2 The Beginnings of Large Scale Desalination 31
5.2.3 Recent Key Events 32
5.2.4 Worldwide Capacity 32
5.3 Desalination Applications 34
5.3.1 Groundwater Desalination 34
5.3.2 Wastewater Reclamation 35
5.3.3 Seawater Desalination 36
5.4 Aspects of Seawater 37
5.4.1 Salinity 37
5.4.2 Temperature 39
5.4.3 Boiling point 39
5.4.4 pH 40
6 Desalting Technologies 41
6.1 Membrane Processes 41
6.1.1 Reverse osmosis 41
6.1.2 Electrodialysis 51
6.2 Thermal processes 54
6.2.1 Multistage Flash Evaporation 55
6.2.2 Multi-Effect Distillation 56
6.2.3 Vapour Compression Distillation 58
6.2.4 Operational problems 59
6.3 Process Selection 61
6.4 Other processes 62
6.4.1 Freezing 63
6.4.2 Solar Humidification 63
6.4.3 Membrane distillation 65
6.5 Desalination Economics 66
6.5.1 General 66
6.5.2 Cost Trends 66
6.5.3 Desalination Cost Elements 67
7 Environmental aspects 70
7.1 Energy Aspects 70
7.1.1 Cogeneration 71
7.1.2 Alternative forms of energy for desalination 73
7.2 Concentrate disposal 75
7.2.1 Surface water disposal 77
7.2.2 Deep-well injection 78
7.2.3 Evaporation ponds 78
7.2.4 Other discharge methods 79
8 Conclusion 80
9 The Database 81
9.1 Selection of terms for the database 81
9.2 Text Corpus  81
9.3 Reference work 82
9.4 The Terminological Record 82
9.5 Index 86
9.6 Terminology Database 91
10 Bibliography 263